24365d85ca ^ N. friction leads to dissipation of work into heat. A generalized thermodynamic cycle taking place between a hot reservoir at temperature TH and a cold reservoir at temperature TC. The area inside the cycle will then be the difference between the two, but since the internal energy of the system must have returned to its initial value, this difference must be the amount of work done by the system over the cycle. Rearranging the right side of the equation gives what may be a more easily understood form of the equation. For other less efficient cycles, TH will be lower than TH, and TC will be higher than TC. See also[edit]. doi:10.1088/1751-8113/44/40/405001. This can help illustrate, for example, why a reheater or a regenerator can improve the thermal efficiency of steam power plantsand why the thermal efficiency of combined-cycle power plants (which incorporate gas turbines operating at even higher temperatures) exceeds that of conventional steam plants. The efficiency η {displaystyle eta } is defined to be:.
The pressure-volume graph[edit]. A Carnot cycle taking place between a hot reservoir at temperature TH and a cold reservoir at temperature TC. For the Carnot cycle, or its equivalent, the average value TH will equal the highest temperature available, namely TH, and TC the lowest, namely TC. See also: Heat engine efficiency and other performance criteria . W {displaystyle W} is the work done by the system (energy exiting the system as work), Q C {displaystyle Q{C}} is the heat taken from the system (heat energy leaving the system), Q H {displaystyle Q{H}} is the heat put into the system (heat energy entering the system), T C {displaystyle T{C}} is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir, and T H {displaystyle T{H}} is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir. Q H = T H ( S B − S A ) {displaystyle Q{H}=T{H}(S{B}-S{A}),} . ISBN0-471-02456-2. Irreversible systems and losses of energy (for example, work due to friction and heat losses) prevent the ideal from taking place at every step. Although Carnot's cycle is an idealisation, the expression of Carnot efficiency is still useful.
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